http://rmp.aps.org/ Recent articles in Reviews of Modern Physics en-us Copyright (c) 2009 The American Physical Society 2009-11-20T22:15:27-05:00 assocpub@aps.org rss@aps.org hourly 4 2009-11-20T22:15:27-05:00 rss@aps.org http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1495 Author(s): Roland Wiesendanger<br/>The direct observation of spin structures with atomic-scale resolution, a long-time dream in condensed matter research, recently became a reality based on the development of spin-sensitive scanning probe methods, such as spin-polarized scanning-tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) and magnetic exchange for...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1495] Published Wed Nov 18, 2009 Roland Wiesendanger 2009-11-18T00:00:00-05:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1495 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1495 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 4 2009-11-18T00:00:00-05:00 1495 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1471 Author(s): Yoav Tsori<br/>The structure and thermodynamic state of a system changes under the influence of external electric fields. Neutral systems are characterized by their dielectric constant ε , while charged ones also by their charge distribution. In this Colloquium several phenomena occurring in soft-matter systems i...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1471] Published Wed Oct 21, 2009 Yoav Tsori 2009-10-21T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1471 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1471 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 4 2009-10-21T00:00:00-04:00 1471 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1405 Author(s): Avery A. Meiksin<br/>Intergalactic space is filled with a pervasive medium of ionized gas, the intergalactic medium (IGM). A residual neutral fraction is detected in the spectra of quasistellar objects at both low and high redshifts, revealing a highly fluctuating medium with temperatures characteristic of photoionized ...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1405] Published Mon Oct 05, 2009 Avery A. Meiksin 2009-10-05T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1405 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1405 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 4 2009-10-05T00:00:00-04:00 1405 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1353 Author(s): Gregor E. Morfill and Alexei V. Ivlev<br/>Complex (dusty) plasmas are composed of a weakly ionized gas and charged microparticles and represent the plasma state of soft matter. Complex plasmas have several remarkable features: Dynamical time scales associated with microparticles are “stretched” to tens of milliseconds, yet the micropart...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1353] Published Fri Oct 02, 2009 Gregor E. Morfill and Alexei V. Ivlev 2009-10-02T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1353 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1353 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 4 2009-10-02T00:00:00-04:00 1353 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1351 Author(s): Francesco Giazotto, Tero T. Heikkilä, Arttu Luukanen, Alexander M. Savin, and Jukka P. Pekola<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1351] Published Tue Sep 29, 2009 Francesco Giazotto, Tero T. Heikkilä, Arttu Luukanen, Alexander M. Savin, and Jukka P. Pekola 2009-09-29T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1351 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1351 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-09-29T00:00:00-04:00 1351 Errata Errata http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1301 Author(s): Valerio Scarani, Helle Bechmann-Pasquinucci, Nicolas J. Cerf, Miloslav Dušek, Norbert Lütkenhaus, and Momtchil Peev<br/>Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the first quantum information task to reach the level of mature technology, already fit for commercialization. It aims at the creation of a secret key between authorized partners connected by a quantum channel and a classical authenticated channel. The security of t...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1301] Published Tue Sep 29, 2009 Valerio Scarani, Helle Bechmann-Pasquinucci, Nicolas J. Cerf, Miloslav Dušek, Norbert Lütkenhaus, and Momtchil Peev 2009-09-29T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1301 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1301 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-09-29T00:00:00-04:00 1301 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1287 Author(s): Gert Strobl<br/>After the fundamental structure of semicrystalline polymers—platelike crystallites with thicknesses in the nanometer range, embedded in a liquid matrix—was discovered in the late 1950s, attention turned to the mechanism of formation. After intense controversial discussions, an approach put forwa...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1287] Published Thu Sep 10, 2009 Gert Strobl 2009-09-10T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1287 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1287 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-09-10T00:00:00-04:00 1287 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1229 Author(s): E. Esarey, C. B. Schroeder, and W. P. Leemans<br/>Laser-driven plasma-based accelerators, which are capable of supporting fields in excess of 100GV∕m , are reviewed. This includes the laser wakefield accelerator, the plasma beat wave accelerator, the self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator, plasma waves driven by multiple laser pulses, and hig...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1229] Published Thu Aug 27, 2009 E. Esarey, C. B. Schroeder, and W. P. Leemans 2009-08-27T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1229 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1229 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-08-27T00:00:00-04:00 1229 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1199 Author(s): Paul Langacker<br/>The U(1)^{′} symmetry associated with a possible heavy Z^{′} would have profound implications for particle physics and cosmology. The motivations for such particles in various extensions of the standard model, possible ranges for their masses and couplings, and classes of anomaly-free models are...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1199] Published Fri Aug 07, 2009 Paul Langacker 2009-08-07T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1199 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1199 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-08-07T00:00:00-04:00 1199 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1131 Author(s): R. V. Craster and O. K. Matar<br/>The dynamics and stability of thin liquid films have fascinated scientists over many decades: the observations of regular wave patterns in film flows down a windowpane or along guttering, the patterning of dewetting droplets, and the fingering of viscous flows down a slope are all examples that are ...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1131] Published Wed Aug 05, 2009 R. V. Craster and O. K. Matar 2009-08-05T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1131 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1131 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-08-05T00:00:00-04:00 1131 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1051 Author(s): Alexander D. Cronin, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and David E. Pritchard<br/>Interference with atomic and molecular matter waves is a rich branch of atomic physics and quantum optics. It started with atom diffraction from crystal surfaces and the separated oscillatory fields technique used in atomic clocks. Atom interferometry is now reaching maturity as a powerful art with ...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1051] Published Tue Jul 28, 2009 Alexander D. Cronin, Jörg Schmiedmayer, and David E. Pritchard 2009-07-28T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1051 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1051 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-07-28T00:00:00-04:00 1051 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1031 Author(s): P. Braun-Munzinger and J. Wambach<br/>A fundamental question of physics is what ultimately happens to matter as it is heated or compressed. In the realm of very high temperature and density the fundamental degrees of freedom of the strong interaction, quarks and gluons, come into play and a transition from matter consisting of confined ...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1031] Published Fri Jul 17, 2009 P. Braun-Munzinger and J. Wambach 2009-07-17T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1031 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1031 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-07-17T00:00:00-04:00 1031 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1027 Author(s): Toshihide Maskawa<br/><img src="http://prola.aps.org/graphics/free2read30x30.gif" width="30" height="30" alt="Free to Read"/><br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1027] Published Wed Jul 15, 2009 Toshihide Maskawa 2009-07-15T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1027 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1027 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-07-15T00:00:00-04:00 1027 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1019 Author(s): Makoto Kobayashi<br/><img src="http://prola.aps.org/graphics/free2read30x30.gif" width="30" height="30" alt="Free to Read"/><br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1019] Published Wed Jul 15, 2009 Makoto Kobayashi 2009-07-15T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1019 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-07-15T00:00:00-04:00 1019 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1015 Author(s): Yoichiro Nambu<br/><img src="http://prola.aps.org/graphics/free2read30x30.gif" width="30" height="30" alt="Free to Read"/><br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1015] Published Wed Jul 15, 2009 Yoichiro Nambu 2009-07-15T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1015 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 1015 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-07-15T00:00:00-04:00 1015 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.999 Author(s): D. L. Sidebottom<br/>ac impedance measurements of ion-conducting glasses provide considerable insight into the nature of the ionic motions in disordered solids. However, interpreting the ac impedance has been a matter of considerable debate, particularly in regards to how best to represent the relaxation process that is...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 999] Published Mon Jul 06, 2009 D. L. Sidebottom 2009-07-06T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.999 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 999 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-07-06T00:00:00-04:00 999 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.969 Author(s): L. M. Haffner, R.-J. Dettmar, J. E. Beckman, K. Wood, J. D. Slavin, C. Giammanco, G. J. Madsen, A. Zurita, and R. J. Reynolds<br/>This article reviews observations and models of the diffuse ionized gas that permeates the disk and halo of our Galaxy and others. It was inspired by a series of invited talks presented during an afternoon scientific session of the 65th birthday celebration for Professor Carl Heiles held at Arecibo ...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 969] Published Thu Jul 02, 2009 L. M. Haffner, R.-J. Dettmar, J. E. Beckman, K. Wood, J. D. Slavin, C. Giammanco, G. J. Madsen, A. Zurita, and R. J. Reynolds 2009-07-02T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.969 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 969 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-07-02T00:00:00-04:00 969 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.959 Author(s): Markus H. Thoma<br/>Ultrarelativistic electron-positron plasmas can be produced in high-intensity laser fields and play a role in various astrophysical situations. Their properties can be calculated using QED at finite temperature. Here perturbative QED at finite temperature is used for calculating various important pr...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 959] Published Wed Jul 01, 2009 Markus H. Thoma 2009-07-01T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.959 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 959 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 3 2009-07-01T00:00:00-04:00 959 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.943 Author(s): Massimo Capone, Michele Fabrizio, Claudio Castellani, and Erio Tosatti<br/>The trivalent alkali fulleride solids of generic composition A_{3} C_{60} , where C_{60} is the fullerene molecule and A=K , Rb, and Cs, are a well-established family of molecular superconductors. The superconductive electron pairing is of regular s -wave symmetry and is accounted for by conventiona...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 943] Published Fri Jun 19, 2009 Massimo Capone, Michele Fabrizio, Claudio Castellani, and Erio Tosatti 2009-06-19T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.943 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 943 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-06-19T00:00:00-04:00 943 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.865 Author(s): Ryszard Horodecki, Paweł Horodecki, Michał Horodecki, and Karol Horodecki<br/>All our former experience with application of quantum theory seems to say that what is predicted by quantum formalism must occur in the laboratory. But the essence of quantum formalism—entanglement, recognized by Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen, and Schrödinger—waited over 70years to enter laboratori...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865] Published Wed Jun 17, 2009 Ryszard Horodecki, Paweł Horodecki, Michał Horodecki, and Karol Horodecki 2009-06-17T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.865 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-06-17T00:00:00-04:00 865 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.807 Author(s): Paolo Santini, Stefano Carretta, Giuseppe Amoretti, Roberto Caciuffo, Nicola Magnani, and Gerard H. Lander<br/>This article reviews the physics of multipolar interactions and multipolar order in f -electron systems, using the actinide dioxides as a paradigm. In the past few years, these apparently simple cubic compounds have been studied intensively, and many new phenomena have been discovered. Here the expe...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 807] Published Tue Jun 02, 2009 Paolo Santini, Stefano Carretta, Giuseppe Amoretti, Roberto Caciuffo, Nicola Magnani, and Gerard H. Lander 2009-06-02T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.807 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 807 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-06-02T00:00:00-04:00 807 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.739 Author(s): Daniel Bonn, Jens Eggers, Joseph Indekeu, Jacques Meunier, and Etienne Rolley<br/>Wetting phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and technology. A solid substrate exposed to the environment is almost invariably covered by a layer of fluid material. In this review, the surface forces that lead to wetting are considered, and the equilibrium surface coverage of a substrate in contact wi...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 739] Published Wed May 27, 2009 Daniel Bonn, Jens Eggers, Joseph Indekeu, Jacques Meunier, and Etienne Rolley 2009-05-27T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.739 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 739 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-05-27T00:00:00-04:00 739 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.693 Author(s): John R. Cary and Alain J. Brizard<br/>Guiding-center theory provides the reduced dynamical equations for the motion of charged particles in slowly varying electromagnetic fields, when the fields have weak variations over a gyration radius (or gyroradius) in space and a gyration period (or gyroperiod) in time. Canonical and noncanonical ...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 693] Published Fri May 22, 2009 John R. Cary and Alain J. Brizard 2009-05-22T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.693 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 693 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-05-22T00:00:00-04:00 693 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.647 Author(s): Alexander L. Fetter<br/>After reviewing the ideal Bose-Einstein gas in a box and in a harmonic trap, the effect of interactions on the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate are discussed, along with the dynamics of small-amplitude perturbations (the Bogoliubov equations). When the condensate rotates with angular velocity...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 647] Published Mon May 18, 2009 Alexander L. Fetter 2009-05-18T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.647 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 647 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-05-18T00:00:00-04:00 647 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.591 Author(s): Claudio Castellano, Santo Fortunato, and Vittorio Loreto<br/>Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. A wide ...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 591] Published Mon May 11, 2009 Claudio Castellano, Santo Fortunato, and Vittorio Loreto 2009-05-11T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.591 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 591 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-05-11T00:00:00-04:00 591 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.539 Author(s): H. A. Weidenmüller and G. E. Mitchell<br/>Evidence for the applicability of random-matrix theory to nuclear spectra is reviewed. In analogy to systems with few degrees of freedom, one speaks of chaos (more accurately, quantum chaos) in nuclei whenever random-matrix predictions are fulfilled. An introduction into the basic concepts of random...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 539] Published Fri May 08, 2009 H. A. Weidenmüller and G. E. Mitchell 2009-05-08T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.539 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 539 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-05-08T00:00:00-04:00 539 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.503 Author(s): Guenter Ahlers, Siegfried Grossmann, and Detlef Lohse<br/>The progress in our understanding of several aspects of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection is reviewed. The focus is on the question of how the Nusselt number and the Reynolds number depend on the Rayleigh number Ra and the Prandtl number Pr, and on how the thicknesses of the thermal and the kine...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 503] Published Wed Apr 22, 2009 Guenter Ahlers, Siegfried Grossmann, and Detlef Lohse 2009-04-22T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.503 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 503 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-04-22T00:00:00-04:00 503 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.481 Author(s): V. Z. Kresin and S. A. Wolf<br/>In this Colloquium, the main features of the electron-lattice interaction are discussed and high values of the critical temperature up to room temperature could be provided. While the issue of the mechanism of superconductivity in the high T_{c} cuprates continues to be controversial, one can state ...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 481] Published Fri Apr 03, 2009 V. Z. Kresin and S. A. Wolf 2009-04-03T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.481 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 481 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-04-03T00:00:00-04:00 481 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.445 Author(s): U. Teubner and P. Gibbon<br/>The investigation of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of femtosecond laser pulses by means of laser-produced plasmas is surveyed. This kind of harmonic generation is an alternative to the HHG in gases and shows significantly higher conversion efficiency. Furthermore, with plasma targets there is...<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 445] Published Fri Apr 03, 2009 U. Teubner and P. Gibbon 2009-04-03T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.445 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 445 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 2 2009-04-03T00:00:00-04:00 445 http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.443 Author(s): Robert N. Pfeifer, Timo A. Nieminen, Norman R. Heckenberg, and Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop<br/>[Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 443] Published Tue Mar 31, 2009 Robert N. Pfeifer, Timo A. Nieminen, Norman R. Heckenberg, and Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop 2009-03-31T00:00:00-04:00 Personal use only, all commercial or other reuse prohibited 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.443 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 443 text/html article Reviews of Modern Physics 81 1 2009-03-31T00:00:00-04:00 443 Errata Errata